Target Audience
This activity has been designed to meet the educational needs of surgeons, anesthesiologists, registered surgical nurses, and other healthcare professionals involved in the management of patients at risk for surgically acquired coagulopathy.


Statement of Need
It is not uncommon for surgical procedures to produce hemostatic alterations that result in coagulopathy. Recent data indicate that more than 80% of operating room deaths are due to blood loss, with 50% of these deaths occurring in the first 24 hours. This educational activity addresses the need for best practices in operative hemostasis. It affords healthcare professionals from different disciplines within the blood management arena the opportunity to see and hear experts in the field explore how to most effectively manage or prevent surgically acquired coagulopathy.


Purpose/Goal Statement
The purpose of this activity is to provide updated information on how to manage or prevent surgically acquired coagulopathy.


Educational Objectives
After completing this activity, the participant should be better able to:

• Explain how to assess patient risk factors for intraoperative and  postoperative bleeding
• Specify the diagnostic tests for patients at risk for surgical blood loss
• Describe the clinical manifestations of blood loss
• Choose therapeutic approaches to the prevention and treatment of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding

Faculty Chairperson
Domenic A. Sica, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology
Chairman, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Hypertension
Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia
Board of Directors, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health Foundation

Faculty
Jeffrey H. Lawson, MD, PhD
Director, Vascular Surgery Research Lab
Director of Clinical Trials in Vascular Surgery
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Jerrold H. Levy, MD, FAHA
Professor and Deputy Chair for Research
Emory University School of Medicine
Director, Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Emory Healthcare
Atlanta, Georgia


Physician Continuing Medical Education
Accreditation Statement
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of Postgraduate Institute for Medicine (PIM), the Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health Foundation, and Educational Concepts in Medicine. PIM is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Credit Designation
Postgraduate Institute for Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.


Nursing Continuing Education
Accreditation Statement
CNA/ANCC
This educational activity for 1.3 contact hours is provided by Postgraduate Institute for Medicine (PIM).

PIM is an approved provider of continuing nursing education by the Colorado Nurses Association, an accredited approver by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

California Board of Registered Nursing
Postgraduate Institute for Medicine is approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number 13485, for 1.6 contact hours.


Method of Participation
During the period April 23, 2008 through April 23, 2009, participants must:

• Read the learning objectives and faculty disclosures
• Study the educational activity
• Complete the posttest by recording the best answer to each question
• Complete the evaluation form

A statement of credit will be issued upon receipt of a completed activity evaluation form and a completed posttest with a score of 70% or better.


Fee
There is no fee to participate in or to receive credit for this educational activity.


Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
Postgraduate Institute for Medicine (PIM) assesses conflict of interest with its instructors, planners, managers, and other individuals who are in a position to control the content of CME activities. All relevant conflicts of interest that are identified are thoroughly vetted by PIM for fair balance, scientific objectivity of studies utilized in this activity, and patient care recommendations. PIM is committed to providing its learners with high-quality CME activities and related materials that promote improvements or quality in healthcare and not a specific proprietary business interest of a commercial interest.

The faculty reported the following financial relationships or relationships to products or devices they or their spouse/life partner have with commercial interests related to the content of this CME activity:

Name of Faculty or Presenter	Reported Financial Relationship
Jeffrey H. Lawson, MD, PhD	Consulting: Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Johnson & Johnson, ZymoGenetics
Domenic A. Sica, MD	Consulting: King Pharmaceuticals
Jerrold H. Levy, MD, FAHA	Consulting: CSL Behring, Dyax Corp., Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Contracted Research: CSL Behring, Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals

The planners and managers reported the following financial relationships or relationships to products or devices they or their spouse/life partner have with commercial interests related to the content of this CME activity:

Name of Planner or Manager	Reported Financial Relationship
PIM Clinical Reviewers: Trace Hutchison, PharmD; Jan Hixon, RN, BSN, MSN; Linda Graham, RN, BSN; and Jan Schultz, RN, BSN, MSN	Have no real or apparent conflicts of interest to report.
ECM: Bart Zoni, Executive Director; Patrick Crowley, Senior Director of Operations	Has no real or apparent conflicts of interest to report.

Media
Internet


Disclosure of Unlabeled Use
This educational activity may contain discussion of published and/or investigational uses of agents that are not indicated by the FDA. Postgraduate Institute for Medicine (PIM), Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health Foundation (CMH), Educational Concepts in Medicine, and Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals do not recommend the use of any agent outside of the labeled indications.

The opinions expressed in the educational activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily represent the views of PIM, CMH, Educational Concepts in Medicine, and Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals. Please refer to the official prescribing information for each product for discussion of approved indications, contraindications, and warnings.


Disclaimer
Participants have an implied responsibility to use the newly acquired information to enhance patient outcomes and their own professional development. The information presented in this activity is not meant to serve as a guideline for patient management. Any procedures, medications, or other courses of diagnosis or treatment discussed or suggested in this activity should not be used by clinicians without evaluation of their patient’s conditions and possible contraindications on dangers in use, review of any applicable manufacturer’s product information, and comparison with recommendations of other authorities.


Commercial Support
This activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals.