In this Q&A interview, Aryeh Shander, MD, FCCM, FCCP, discusses the challenges that preoperative anemia presents to surgical team members and other clinicians. As part of this podcast, Dr. Shander addresses the association between outcomes and etiology of anemia, the importance of low hemoglobin level and symptoms in the treatment of preoperative anemia, and therapeutic choices for patients with preoperative anemia that is associated with chronic comorbidities such as kidney disease, HIV, and sickle cell disease.